In the first display case, you can see "Terrestrial and Celestial Globes." The 'Terrestrial Globe' is a spherical model crafted to resemble the Earth. It features a freely rotating axis tilted at 23.5 degrees, with oceans, continents, and latitude and longitude lines marked on its surface. The 'Celestial Globe' represents the stars as viewed from Earth, transferred onto a spherical projection. These large-scale Terrestrial and Celestial Globe sets, adorned with beautiful patterns and elaborate decorations, were symbols of social status and power. They were used as ornamental pieces, demonstrating the owner's societal position, and were also exchanged as gifts.

During that era, it was fashionable to mark famous voyages on nautical charts as well as terrestrial and celestial globes. Examining "A Pair of Globes by Adams Family" or "A Pair of Globes by Newton Family," one can observe the voyages of the renowned British explorer Captain James Cook.

Additionally, in one corner of the display case, you can also admire the smaller, spherical "A Pair of Pocket Globes by Lane Family." The terrestrial globes of that period labeled the East Sea as the 'Korean Sea' or 'Korea Bay,' providing important evidence of the Western recognition and acknowledgment of the Korean Sea at that time. These navigational instruments, fueled by curiosity, desire for wealth, and imagination, are crucial historical documents. They reveal the contemporary perceptions of the heavens and the Earth and the level of technology and craftsmanship of that time.

In the second display case, you will find compasses and marine chronometers. Suspended at the edge of the case is a circular metal artifact known as an “Astrolabe.” The name Astrolabe is derived from Greek and means "to catch a star". It was widely used in both the East and West for solving problems related to time and the position of the sun and stars in the sky.

The Astrolabe was used by hanging it vertically. During the day, it measured the altitude of the sun, and at night, it used the North Star, the brightest star in the sky, to determine altitude and thus the latitude of the ship. Marine Astrolabes were designed to provide accurate measurements even in windy conditions and on a constantly moving ship. The Astrolabe on display here, made in the Netherlands, has “AD. 1643" engraved on its lower front, indicating its creation date.

Next, you'll see a Chronometer and a book, "Principle of Clock by Harrison." The "Chronometer", also known as a marine chronometer, was developed by John Harrison, an 18th-century British clockmaker. It was used to calculate a ship's position at sea by utilizing time. The book "Principle of Clock by Harrison," authored by Harrison himself, explains the working principles of the chronometer. Additionally, various chronometers produced across Europe are also on display.

Finally, in the third display case, various navigational instruments used for determining a ship's position are exhibited. A notable item is the Sextant. This instrument measured the altitude and angle between the sun or the moon and the horizon, aiding in determining the ship's current location during navigation. The name 'Sextant' derives from its shape, resembling one-sixth of a circle, with variations such as the quadrant and octant also being used.